Private psychiatric practice
with Cabinet for psychotherapy
Dr. Sandic
Tel.: ++ 387 33 645 112
Depression
(F 32) Depressive episode
Clinical picture
Diagnosis
Severity
Clinical picture
Common traits of depressive episodes are that the persons who suffer from this type of psychic disorder express low mood level, lack of energy and overall decrease of their daily activities. Capacity to sense joy is reduced, as well as possibility to focus on various daily contents and tasks. Those clients often complain about fatigue experienced even after the slightest effort. The described disturbances are often associated with sleep disorders, lack of appetite and weight loss, as well as low self esteem level. To a certain degree those persons suffer from ideas of self worthlessness and/or guilt. Low mood level is constantly present. It does not oscillate to a significant degree and, typically, it is not subjected to external reality stimuli. Psychopathological phenomena are often enriched by signs of physical and/or psychical restlessness, waking up at early dawn hours, as well as reduce/lack of sexual drive.
Diagnosis of depressive episode
According to ICD-10 classification system diagnosis of the depressive episode is to be established only if the present episode is the first one of the kind in the patient's life. All other episodes are to be marked within another nosological entity, that is the recurrent depressive disorder (F 33). If the diagnosis of depressive disorder is to be established it is also necessary for the depressive symptoms to manifest themselves during at least two weeks. Phenomenological diagnostic criterion is based on two types of symptoms:
a) typical symptoms and
b) other frequent symptoms.
a) Typical psychopathological symptoms of the depressive episode are as follows:
1. depressive mood
2. loss of interests and joy
3. decrease of energy and increased fatigue
b) Other psychopathological symptoms associated with the depressive episode are:
1. disturbed sleep
2. lack of appetite
3. lowered possibility of focusing on certain contents and weakened attention
4. decreased self esteem
5. ideas of guilt and self worthlessness
6. negative, pessimistic anticipation of future
7. ideas about self mutilation or suicide
Estimation of severity of the depressive disorder
Depending on the constelation of the above noted symptoms, as well as their severity, depressive episode is marked as:
a) mild
b) moderate
c) severe without psychotic symptoms
d) severe with psychotic symptoms
e) other types of depressive episodes include the ones that do not fit in the phenomenological frame given for the above noted depressive states. Within this group atypical depression is particularly to be recognized.
Manic episode
Bipolar affective disorder
Depressive episode
Recurrent depressive disorder
Persistent mood disorders
Clinical picture
Diagnosis
Severity
Clinical picture
Common traits of depressive episodes are that the persons who suffer from this type of psychic disorder express low mood level, lack of energy and overall decrease of their daily activities. Capacity to sense joy is reduced, as well as possibility to focus on various daily contents and tasks. Those clients often complain about fatigue experienced even after the slightest effort. The described disturbances are often associated with sleep disorders, lack of appetite and weight loss, as well as low self esteem level. To a certain degree those persons suffer from ideas of self worthlessness and/or guilt. Low mood level is constantly present. It does not oscillate to a significant degree and, typically, it is not subjected to external reality stimuli. Psychopathological phenomena are often enriched by signs of physical and/or psychical restlessness, waking up at early dawn hours, as well as reduce/lack of sexual drive.
Diagnosis of depressive episode
According to ICD-10 classification system diagnosis of the depressive episode is to be established only if the present episode is the first one of the kind in the patient's life. All other episodes are to be marked within another nosological entity, that is the recurrent depressive disorder (F 33). If the diagnosis of depressive disorder is to be established it is also necessary for the depressive symptoms to manifest themselves during at least two weeks. Phenomenological diagnostic criterion is based on two types of symptoms:
a) typical symptoms and
b) other frequent symptoms.
a) Typical psychopathological symptoms of the depressive episode are as follows:
1. depressive mood
2. loss of interests and joy
3. decrease of energy and increased fatigue
b) Other psychopathological symptoms associated with the depressive episode are:
1. disturbed sleep
2. lack of appetite
3. lowered possibility of focusing on certain contents and weakened attention
4. decreased self esteem
5. ideas of guilt and self worthlessness
6. negative, pessimistic anticipation of future
7. ideas about self mutilation or suicide
Estimation of severity of the depressive disorder
Depending on the constelation of the above noted symptoms, as well as their severity, depressive episode is marked as:
a) mild
b) moderate
c) severe without psychotic symptoms
d) severe with psychotic symptoms
e) other types of depressive episodes include the ones that do not fit in the phenomenological frame given for the above noted depressive states. Within this group atypical depression is particularly to be recognized.
Manic episode
Bipolar affective disorder
Depressive episode
Recurrent depressive disorder
Persistent mood disorders